I think the education system changes constantly and can’t really be attributed an ‘age’.

Ship of Theseus

England: First recorded school c.600AD. First University 1096. Compulsory primary education through a series of acts in the 1870s & 1880s, compulsory secondary education 1918.

Well, it depends… Germany as one country isn’t very old. So the roots of the education system are certainly older than the country. But I’m not sure which parts should be included in this calculation. The education system was very different in different states that are now part of Germany. Then there are Universities that were (at least partly) German back in the day but are not located in today’s Germany. I’m sure the Romans had schools when they hung out here but that’s probably a bit of a stretch. But where exactly are we supposed to draw the line?

Sweden:

First schools in 1200.
First Uni in Uppsala 1477.
Compulsory education to the lower classes in form of oral education by the priest about the bible and two prayers was from 1400.
First secondary level education in 1623. Compulsory reading abilities by all classes from 1723
Then compulsory formal 4 years school education by all by 1842.
By 1858 they changed the first 2 years of the formal school to compulsory primary education focusing on basic reading abilites when it turned out many could still not read.

Listen even in recent countries like the United States this is a complicated question. Our public education system is one thing, but we have universities older than the country and early English colonies had schools.

Standardized exams have a long history here. They were initiated in 1075 to determine entry into the civil service under the Confucian model. Not sure what it was before that.

That got suspended in the early 20th century (e.g. during the French colonial period), and was replaced later after with modern written Vietnamese. University enrollment has gone from about 3% to 30% in the last 20 years. The education industry is booming currently.

Whether there are opportunities for all these graduates is an open question! Hopefully there will be.

Four hundred years old, so older than the country itself.

If you want to get technical though, indigenous peoples who lived in the area had what could be called an education system, one which, if going by tradition, would be at least nine hundred years old.

Ironically and perhaps humorously, the modern education system does not teach us this about the education system.

For 60,000 years our indigenous people have been teaching their tribes.

It’s nonexistent here. the current government destroyed our education system so they can keep people stupid here so they’ll be fond of all the bullshit and lies they spread here to keep their votes.